DISCLAIMER: There were other professional hockey teams then, but I am confining this to only NHL teams. I am also only listing the Stanley Cups won after the league was founded in 1917.
Teams to follow:
Montreal Wanderers
Ottawa Senators (original) - was brought back as an expansion franchise in 1990 (began play in 1992)
Toronto Blueshirts / Maple Leafs
Quebec Athletic Club - Hamilton Tigers - New York Amerians - Brooklyn Americans
Montreal Maroons
Philedphia Quakers - Pittsburgh Pirates
Detroit Cougars / Falcons / Red Wings
California / Oakland Golden Seals - California Seals - Minnesota North Stars
Minnesota North Stars - Dallas Stars
Atlanta Flames - Calgary Flames
Kansas City Scouts - Colorado Rockies - New Jersey Devils
Quebec Nordiques - Colorado Avalanche
Winnipeg Jets - Phoenix Coyoets
Hartford Whalers - Carolina Hurricanes
Atlanta Thrashers - Winnipeg Jets